“UNIVERSE”
means “TURNING AS ONE”.
Who is responsible for all these? What is the true nature of
all of this? What is the true nature of universe at the deepest level? When did
it begin if indeed it has a beginning? Where did it start and where is it going?
Why it was created? From where and how this much enormous energy comes out from
nowhere? Actually we have more than you probably realize.
Einstein
believed that universe is static however his equation indicates that universe
is dynamic. Edwin Hubble showed the world by blue shift phenomenon of our
nearby Andromeda galaxy that Andromeda is moving towards Milky Way. As the
object moves away from us the wavelength will increase and vice versa a
Galaxies are moving away, you may feel like that but actually the space that
holds the galaxy is actually expanding dragging the galaxies away. If we rewind
the frames back for the universe the galaxies indeed coming closer converging
on some incredibly ancient and compacted beginning, everything in universe
would be squeezed to tight space due to effect of gravity might result in what
Einstein equation called a singularity where all the laws of physics broke down.
But before coming in to this all matter should be converted in to pure energy
through tremendous heat, heat is generated when matter is compressed. Light from far stars travels millions of year
to reach earth at the time light might have shifted from gamma rays to radio
waves. Big bang explosion radiation began as X-ray radiation as stretched due
to distance traveled become visible spectrum and finally to radio waves
/microwaves which is having the highest wave length.
Figure illustrates blue and red shift,
mapping of universe image from CBGR.
Explosion
stupendous enough to bring universe in to live would leave a afterglow throughout
the space , like what happens after fireworks show , the expansion of universe
over billions of years would cool the primordial ball of fire ,traces of its
initial heat would still be found today ,scattered evenly throughout the cosmos
in the form of microwaves, it’s called CMBR Cosmic Microwave Background
radiation , seconds after big bang only energy exists with slightest presence
of proto matter , the basic constituents of matter must have evolved once the
universe started to cool .The first three or four minutes should have produced
75 hydrogen and 25 helium ,if hydrogen and helium is counted to one billion
then the proportion of lithium is one , the rest of the elements were formed in
the shockwaves of exploding stars , the supernovae.
How did
the universe come to be as smooth on large scale as indicated by the high
degree of uniformity of microwave background radiation, why the universe
collapses by itself by the action of gravity or fly apart from the thrust of expansion?
The rate of expansion of universe is fine tuned to have allowed universe to
survive till day.
What produced the energy for big bang to happen?
Einstein
equations showed that under very certain circumstances the gravity force will
be repulsive; this might have expanded the universe from an atomic size to size
of orange. Like an artisan blow molten glass in to shape of sphere or vase , he
first began to blow air in to it , the hot glass remain for a moment stuck as a
tiny bubble as if it is resisting , then suddenly it began to expand , rapidly
becoming a sphere. The same happens for universe, during the initial stages the
universe occupies an infitesimal space so the thermal and mass balance is
uniform throughout the universe, and this thermal balance remains intact when
the universe started expanding in large scale. Why gravity not makes the
universe expand and fall back in to itself as happened to stars, the reason is
there happens to be exactly the right amount of stuff in the universe, so it is
in fact to say that universe would not be complete without you. The process of
inflation created all the negative energy same time it create equal amount of
positive energy also in the form of mutual gravitation attraction of the stuff
in the universe , sum of total positive energy equals to sum of negative energy.
So the total energy of universe is ZERO. There is minute variations in the
primordial fabric of space time, stretch marks, these wrinkles in primordial
space time, as universe expanded these wrinkles stretched out, but not eliminated,
they are detectable to us as small variations in microwave background radiation
and they are the seeds of galaxy. Universe is made up of 4% ordinary matter, 23
dark matters and 73 mysterious energy called dark energy.
Earlier
universe has hot and cold spots after explosion, when super-hot universe starts
to cool, atoms combine to form hydrogen which condenses at cold spot creating
matter and matter creates gravity which brings more matter thus creating
galaxies and stars. When we study galaxies it appears to spin too fast to hold
them together, gravity of visible matter is not enough to hold the galaxies,
something is out there to hold the galaxies other than visible matter, it
interacts with gravity or no interactions with light and other electromagnetic
radiation, there is lot of it, it doesn’t interact with light and matter we
can’t detect, taste or measure it. Dark matter is matter we can’t see that all.
As you know the universe is expanding with acceleration some form of energy is
aiding this acceleration called dark energy which makes 68%. If we concentrate
energy in to small area, energy density results in the creation of matter.
Everything
physical in universe come from single source ,What source could create a
universe ,the universe must have known that we are coming , universe evolved as
it did so that we humans could come to figure it out , the evolution of
conscious beings like us had to be necessary condition for the beginning of
universe , the investigation is like a circle heading back to us , if there is
a reason that consciousness is an essential ingredient for our universe then
how it is related to our material world today. As in quantum physics wave and
particle nature exist together, Einstein showed space and time is entangled.
The same may happen to matter and consciousness. Where, why and how
consciousness arise and how it is exactly linked to physical manifestations.
The
eminent physicist john wheeler said the observer is a participant in genesis ,
the observer consist of our consciousness awareness the faculty we employ when
we look deep and far back in to space and time. Einstein said that the most
incomprehensible fact about nature is that is comprehensible, the universe runs
on some distinct fundamental laws, Through science our consciousness is able to
observe this laws, British mathematician sir roger Penrose state that universe
has developed in obedience of laws that our consciousness seems designed to
grasp, could it be that our consciousness is indeed inherently linked to the
universal blue print.
An atom
is extremely small ,but it is huge compared to the nucleus, if we blew the atom
to size of a football or even to room size we can’t see the nucleus, if we blew
the atom to the size of a stadium then nucleus can be seen as a grain of salt
The number of electrons in an atom of elements determines its chemical behavior
as we know elements can be built by successively adding protons and neutrons to
the nucleus of light atom hydrogen and the corresponding number of electrons to
its atomic shell , the interactions of atoms will led to various chemical
process.
Max
plank found that energy of heat radiation is not emitted continuously but appears
in the form of energy packets Einstein called these packets quanta and
recognized it as fundamental aspect of nature. Light and every other form of
electromagnetic radiation can appear as waves as well as quanta, these light
quanta was later names as PHOTONS they are particles of special kind mass less
and always travels at the speed of light.
At the subatomic level matter didn’t exist with
certainty of definite place, but rather shows tendencies to exist. All the laws
of atomic physics are expressed in terms of this probability; we can’t ever
predict an atomic event with certainty. Quantum theory shows we cannot
decompose the world in to isolated entities for observation, the human observer
constitutes the final link in the chain of observational process and the
properties of an atomic object can be understood only with object interaction
with the observer.
Atom
making up the solid matter consists entirely of empty space and why can’t we
walk through the closed door. Extra ordinary mechanical stability of atoms,
atoms collide millions of time and yet they go back to their original state.
Two iron atoms and two pieces of iron are identical, quantum theory shows that
these astonishing properties of atoms are due to wave nature of electrons.
The
observed object is a manifestation of the interaction between the process of
measurement and preparations. To describe what has happened one has to cross out
the old word OBSERVER and put in its place the new word participator. What we
observe is not the nature itself but the
nature exposed to our method of questioning .When there is duality as it were
there one sees another there one smells another ,there one tastes another but
when everything has just one’s own self then whereby and whom one sees ,smell,
taste. The information about particle state of motion is contained in the wave
length and frequency of the motion, wave length is inversely proportional to
momentum of the particle, frequency is proportional to particle energy violet
light has short wavelength and high frequency means its momentum is high and
energy is high.
